Basic principles of nucleic acid and peptide chemistry will be explained and extended towards the synthesis of nucleic acid and oligopeptide mimics. As examples, the synthesis of specific building blocks, including certain nucleoside- and oligopeptide antibiotics, as well as the synthesis of specific inhibitors will be described in detail. In addition, the structures of oligo/polymers of the nucleic- and amino acids will be discussed. The lecture course contains the following topics: solid phase synthesis, native chemical ligation, intein methodology, PNA, beta-peptides, proteosome inhibitors, turns, sheets, (double)helices, A-, B-, Z-DNA, loops.